Research Overview

The Humanin peptide is 24 amino acids long — a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA region (MT-RNR2). Identified in the early 2000s, it was among the first recognized members of the MDP family — short peptides encoded by mitochondrial DNA that act as signaling molecules. It is studied as a research tool in mitochondrial biology and cellular stress signaling.

Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides and Structure

Humanin has the 24-residue sequence MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA. As a mitochondrial-derived peptide it sits alongside MOTS-c, another mitochondrially encoded peptide in the catalog; the two are frequently examined together in mitochondrial-signaling research. The peptide contains two cysteine residues, which is reflected in its sulfur-containing molecular formula.

Research Applications

In vitro and preclinical research examines Humanin in the context of cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic signaling, cellular stress responses, and metabolic and neuronal research models. Its identification helped establish the broader concept of peptides encoded within the mitochondrial genome that participate in cell signaling.

Variants and Related Peptides

Humanin has engineered and homologous variants — for example the [Gly14] analog (often abbreviated HNG) and the rodent homolog rattin — which are distinct compounds with their own chemistry and should not be conflated with native Humanin. This product is the native human sequence. The most closely related catalog compound is the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c.

Laboratory Handling

Humanin is supplied as a lyophilized powder, kept sealed, cold, and protected from light and moisture until use. The lyophilized format supports precise gravimetric preparation of research concentrations at the point of use. Each batch is third-party tested with a Certificate of Analysis.